Shin splints- symptoms, causes and treatment

Shin splints, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome, is a common injury that affects many athletes, particularly runners. It is characterised by pain along the shinbone (tibia), which can be quite severe and debilitating.

In this article, we will explore the symptoms, causes, and treatment of shin splints in detail.

Symptoms

The symptoms of shin splints can vary from person to person but typically include:

• Pain along the inner edge of the shinbone

• Swelling in the lower leg

• Tenderness or soreness in the affected area

• Numbness or weakness in the foot

• Pain that worsens during exercise or physical activity

If left untreated, shin splints can progress to stress fractures, which can be much more serious.

Causes

Shin splints are typically caused by overuse or repetitive stress on the shinbone and the muscles and tendons surrounding it. This can occur due to a variety of factors, including:

• Running on hard or uneven surfaces

• Wearing worn-out or inappropriate footwear

• Increasing the intensity or duration of physical activity too quickly

• Poor flexibility or strength in the muscles of the lower leg

• Flat feet or high arches

Treatment

The treatment of shin splints typically involves a combination of protection, elevation, avoiding anti-inflammation, compression, education, load, optimism, vascularisation and exercise (PEACE &LOVE). In addition, the following measures can help alleviate pain and promote healing:

• 7 to 10 days of avoiding activities that aggravate the condition. Running in a pool and cycling to maintain aerobic fitness during the rest period are considered safe activities.

• Reduced training frequency, length, and total running distance were found to impact injury reduction substantially

• Wearing appropriate footwear with good arch support

• Using orthotics or shoe inserts to correct foot abnormalities

• Stretching and strengthening exercises for the muscles of the lower leg to further prevent injury, balance activities, improve running mechanics, and improve muscle stabilisation

• A gradual return to the entire exercise is crucial in preventing shin splints from reoccurring

In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damaged muscles or tendons.

Conclusion

Shin splints can be a painful and debilitating condition, but with proper treatment and preventative measures, they can be managed effectively. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options, you can take steps to prevent this condition from occurring or worsening. If you’re experiencing this pain and would like more medical help book an appointment with us to determine the best course of treatment.

References:

Deshmukh Jr, N.S., Phansopkar, P. and Deshmukh, N.S., 2022. Medial tibial stress syndrome: a review article. Cureus Journal of Medical Science, 14(7).

Carr, K. and Sevetson, E., 2008. How can you help athletes prevent and treat shin splints?.